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2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patented May 4, 1886.

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- BAKERS OVEN. No. 340,983. Patented May 4, 1886.

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lUruTno STATES PATENT OFFICEG ALEXANDER CRUHBIE, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO HENRY MOCOLLUM,

OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

BAKER S OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,983, dated May 4,1886

Application filed February 26, 1885. Serial No. 157,056. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER CRUMBIE, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bakers Ovens, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description and specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, the same forming IO part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of ovens in which the heat as well as all the otherproducts of combustion pass more orless directly through the bakingchamber. In such ovens r 5 it is desirable that the heat should be economically and uniformly distributed and maintained through the bakingchamber, and that as little as possible of dust, ashes, unconsumed coal-gas, and other matters injurious to the bread or other contents of the baking-chamber be allowed to enter the same. It is also desirable that the manipulations connected with the maintenance of the fire should not interfere with the continuous operation of the baking'chamber.

My invention relates to means by which an increased economy of fuel and a more even distribution and maintenance of heat, as well as certain other advantages, are secured, and

by which the baking-chamber is kept more free from ashes, dust, uneonsumed coal-gas, and other substances which hinder the production of clean and properly baked bread, crackers, &c.,and by which, also, the baking 3 5 chamber may be continuously operated for baking purposes.

The first part of my invention. consists in the employment of one or more narrow horizontal openings or slits in the front wall of the 40 furnace at a point opposite the charge of fuel and below the upper surface of the same, and preferably located 011 a level with the gratebars in such a way that the fuel can be stirred or sliced, as it is called, through such open- 4 5 ings at or near the bottom of the charge and substantially without agitating the top of the charge. These openings being small and at fording a comparatively small draft, and .the operation of slicing being performed at or near the bottom of the charge, and without opening the upper doors, substantially no dust or ashes is carried up through or from the fuel into the baking-chamber.

Heretofore the operation of slicing was performed through the doorways through which 5 5 the coal was introduced, and therefore the dust and ashes, &c., were carried up into the bakingchamber from the surface of the charge by reason of its agitation and by reason of the draft through these doors, for in the practi- 6 cal operation of these baking-ovens the reel is kept in slow but continuous revolution, and the crackers or other goods to be baked are being put in and the baked crackers being taken out all the time, so that the door in the front of the oven through which this is done is open throughout the operation. Consequently the effect of opening the coal charging doors of the furnace is to cause a sudden and powerful draft across the top of the fire and up through the baking-chamber and out at the oven-door, and the slicing of the fire coincidently with this draft fills the bakingchamber with hot dust and ashes, and prac tically requires the suspension of all baking and the removal of all baking goods from the oven during the operation of slicing.

In my improved arrangement the chargingdoors should beloeated a little higher than the top of the charge, and the use of a dead plate thus avoided,and,also,the surface of the fuel still further protected from the draft when these doors are opened for charging the furnace.

My invention also enables me to use a fireplace and a charge that is broad from side to side of the furnace and shallow in measurement from front to rear. By this means the heat is more evenly distributed, a deflector over the furnace may be dispensed with, and 0 the baking carried on nearer the fire than heretofore, thus diminishing the space to be heated and resulting in an economy of fuel and of apparatus.

The invention consists, further, in arranging 5 at the front of the furnace pipes for the admission of air, communicating withthe charge at or near its surface, and provided, preferably, with caps or ventilators for insuring a better combustion both of the fuel and of the ICC gases rising from it. By this disposition of air-pipes they can be readily cleaned, which 2 access was not the case when located at the side of the furnace, and they are also more effective.

In the drawings accompanying this specification, Figure 1 is a horizontal section of my impoved furnace for bakers ovens on the line 1 l of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a front view of the oven structure, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section through a line, 3 3, of Fig. 2.

Like letters of reference in the several figures indicate like parts.

H is the baking chamber of the ordinary reel-oven, having chimney-Vent at J and doors at E, and inelosing the revolving pans F F, carried on the shaft G, the fire being in the furnace proper at the lower front part of the oven. These pans F F, in the usual way, extend substantially across the width of the baking-chamber, and the materials to be baked are introduced and removed through the doors E E. As usual in such ovens, the chimneyvent J is mostly closed during the regular operation of baking, and the doors E E almost continuously open for the introducing and removing of the crackers, &c., from the pans in succession. Accordingly, the ordinary movement of the air, &c., in the or en is as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3, the entire products of combustion passing through the bakingehamber among the baking goods and out at the doors E E.

A A are swivel grate-bars, preferably so arranged that each can be readily tilted or turned by means of a handle. They support the charge K.

B B are the narrow openings opposite or near the bottom of the charge, through which the slicing of the charge is to be performed. They are closed by ordinary hinged doors. (Shown as open in Figsl 1 and 2.)

O O are air-pipes opening into the furnace at or near the surface of the charge, and have preferably ordinary adjustable openings to regulate the amount of air entering by them.

D D are doors for the introduction of the fuel forming the charge of the furnace. I have 4 5 found by experience that the best arrangement of upper furnace-doors, air-pipes, and lower furnace-doors is such that the floors of the upper doors shall be a little above the surface of the charge, the air pipes opening at or near the surface of the charge and the lower doors or openings opposite the grate-bars, as shown in the drawings; but the exact position, as well as the number of these upper and lower doors and air-pipes, may be varied without departing from the principle of my invention.

It is an advantage of my invention (recited in the second clause of claim) that the cold air introduced at the top of the fire by the airpipes O C has a tendency to throw down any slight amount of dust and ashes that may rise during the slicing of the fire through the openings B B.

My improvement avoids the necessity of using dust and gas flues, deflectors, &c.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with a reel-oven and furnace in which the products of combustion pass through the baking-chamber, of afurnace door or doors above the charge of fuel and a lower furnace door or doors located opposite the charge, whereby the fire can be sliced during the operation of the oven, as and for the purposes substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a reel-oven and furnace in which the products of combustion pass through the baking-chamber, of a furnace door or doors above the charge of fuel, a lower furnace door or doors located opposite the charge, whereby the fire can be sliced during the operation of the oven, and air-pipes opening into the charge near its surface, as and for the purposes substantially as set forth.

ALEXANDER ORUMBIE.

Vitnesses:

XV. H. KENYON, EDWIN Sncnn. 

